Papilloma is a type of neoplasm that appears on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. In most cases, the pathology manifests itself in the form of genital warts, which have a pointed shape and flat warts. This growth can appear in any part of the human body. When the pathology appears against the background of human papillomavirus activity, the disease is characterized as oncogenic. This property is explained by the fact that the risk of degeneration of growth into malignant tumors is more than seventy percent. The topic of this article is what a papilloma is and why it appears.
The reason for the appearance of papilloma
The most common reason for the appearance of papillomas is activity in the body of the HPV virus. The virus enters the body with a background of messy sexual intercourse or during unprotected contact with an infection carrier. More rarely, the disease appears in people who abuse alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
It should also be noted that risk groups exposed to this infection include people with weakened immunity, metabolic disorders and problems with the function of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. An important role in the spread of infection is played by non -compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
Important!The virus can be transmitted to newborns if the mother is infected in the last months of pregnancy.
It is very important to know that the infection is not just through traditional sexual intercourse. If there is a microtraum on the body of one of the sexual partners that violates the integrity of the skin, the virus can enter the body through them. Once infected with HPV, a person becomes a carrier of the virus, as it is impossible to completely eliminate the infection from the body. All therapies for this disease should be aimed at strengthening the immune system so that the immune system can cope with the disease itself.
The development of the disease occurs latently, which indicates that the virus does not manifest itself for a long time. The incubation period can range from one month to one year.
The stage of development of the disease
Given the question of why papillomas appear, it must be said that the disease manifests itself only as a result of decreased performance of the immune system. After the infection enters the human body, the virus begins to spread in the basal epithelial cells.
At a later stage of infection development, various growths form on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Such growths can appear not only on the surface of the body, but also on internal organs.
Papillomas are benign tumors of the epidermis consisting of microscopic nodules that are fleshy or dark brown in color.
Clinical picture
This pathology does not have a uniformly expressed clinical picture. The nature of the symptoms depends on the location of the growth and the type of virus that is causing the changes in the body. The main symptomatology inherent in HPV infection activity is the appearance of warts and genital warts. It should also be mentioned that the HPV virus is oncogenic, so it is very important to see a specialist in a timely manner and start therapy.
Symptoms such as hypothermia, itchy and tingling sensations, and peeling are rare. All of these symptoms are characteristic of neoplasms found on parts of the body that are prone to increased friction.
Types of neoplasms
There are five main types of neoplasms: squamous, plantar, pointed, medium, filamentous. Let's look at the causes of the appearance of papillomas on the body, examining each type of neoplasm in detail.
Pointed papilloma
Acute papillomas (condylomas) appear as a result of HPV virus infection during sexual intercourse. In addition to its basic shape, the growth on this skin can look like small bubbles that contain fluid inside. At a certain stage of development, the growth opens by itself, which leads to the formation of weeping wounds and unpleasant odors.
This type of neoplasm has the highest level of oncogenicity. According to statistics, this type of growth often degenerates into malignant tumors. In addition to its unesthetic appearance, genital warts can cause severe discomfort during sexual intercourse or while walking. The main treatment method of this disease is papilloma removal by cryodestruction.
Squamous papilloma
This type of formation on the body is considered one of the most common. Such papillomas give discomfort to their owners only in aesthetic terms. This type of growth is almost never accompanied by changes in patient well -being. The formation is localized in the area of the palms, soles of the feet or back.
Papillomas do not go away on their own, they can exist for years without causing uneasiness.
On what parts of the body are HPV indicators localized?
Growths formed due to human papillomavirus activity can form anywhere on the human body. However, neoplasms often occur in areas of the body such as:
- tongue and throat;
- genitals;
- fingers;
- mammary glands.
With severe forms of the disease, papillomas can form in the genitourinary system and the urethra itself.
Papillomas in the area of the breast canal
Intraductal neoplasms are tumors that form in the milk ducts. Tumor formation is accompanied by redness of the nipples, the appearance of itching and mild burning, as well as other negative manifestations. At certain stages of pathological development, patients may experience severe pain with contact to the affected body part. Then, in the affected area, a discharge of various colors appears, having an unpleasant odor.
Tumors detected in a timely manner do not pose a health hazard. However, prolonged delay in therapy can lead to the fact that intraductal neoplasms will degenerate into malignant tumors. This rebirth is at high risk of developing breast cancer.
This growth has the shape of a nipple and resembles a small process. The color of the bump itself may differ from the underlying skin color. Many people wonder why papillomas appear in the mammary gland area. Among the most common reasons for the emergence of this pathology, experts identify the influence of infectious diseases with a chronic nature, disturbances in the work of metabolism or ovaries. In addition, the reasons for the appearance of intraductal tumors are: decreased immunity or abortion procedures.
The vulnerable risk group of the disease includes women with bad habits, as well as girls who lead a sex life easily.
Papilloma in the esophagus
This type of neoplasm forms on the surface of the laryngeal mucous membrane. The development of the disease occurs latently, that is, the patient does not feel negative changes in the body. Rarely, the early stages of papilloma formation are accompanied by discomfort.
However, at a certain stage of pathological development, the patient begins to have difficulty breathing, feels foreign objects in the throat and experiences pain. An increase in the affected area can cause changes in voice and breathing patterns. There are several specific reasons for the development of this form of the disease. The main reason is the presence of chronic diseases, as well as acute infectious diseases suffered in childhood.
An important role in the formation of this type of papilloma is played by the abuse of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and drugs. In addition, neoplasms can appear as a result of frequent sexual partner changes and refusal to use barrier methods of contraception.
Infection with this type of virus can occur while visiting swimming pools, baths and other public places. It is very important that the main component of pathological development is a weakened immune system, which is unable to withstand viral activity.
An integrated approach is used to treat this form of pathology. In the first stage of therapy, it is necessary to undergo a procedure to eliminate its growth. After that, the attending physician should prescribe the intake of antiviral medication aimed at preventing recurrence of the disease. Also at this stage of therapy, it is important to pay attention to the strengthening of the immune system with vitamins and immunomodulators.
Papilloma in the cervical region
Talking about what a papilloma is and how it looks, one cannot notice this type of neoplasm. This type of war growth has uneven boundaries. The growth is localized on the surface of the mucous membrane in the uterus. Like genital warts, neoplasms of this type have a high level of oncogenicity. Lack of timely therapy can lead to the development of cancer.
The main reasons for the development of this pathology are hidden in weakened immunity, non -compliance with the rules of hygiene, bad habits and irregular sexual intercourse. The most common cause of papilloma is unprotected contact with an active carrier of the HPV virus.
Symptoms of disease progression are expressed in an increase in regional lymph nodes. Also, many patients are concerned about the burning sensation in the groin area. Against the background of the development of papilloma, an unusual color discharge appears, has an unpleasant odor. To get rid of this type of growth, you need to undergo a procedure to remove the process. In addition, to prevent recurrence of the disease, long -term treatment with antiviral drugs is required.
Important!Genital neoplasms can occur in both women and men. The main difference between this disease in men and women is that papillomas in men rarely degenerate into malignant tumors. If one partner has an HPV infection, both partners must receive antiviral treatment.
Papilloma in the oral cavity
Papillomas in the tongue area have the form of a papillary process with a diameter of several centimeters. The reason for the manifestation of this growth category is the close contact with the carrier of the infection. However, infections can also occur in households.
Household spread is most often seen in young children. At this stage of life, children learn about the world around them with the help of touch. Because immunity in childhood is not sufficiently developed, the virus easily enters the body.
You can be infected using towels, linens, gloves, other people’s shaving accessories.
Disease therapy
Now is the time to consider how to treat papillomas on the body. The method of therapy depends on the location of the growth, the depth of the lesion and the nature of the disease. The first stage of treatment is to remove the existing neoplasm. Cryodestruction methods are most often used for this purpose.
Now, more and more specialists are recommending radio wave surgical techniques to their patients. This method is completely painless and allows you to remove the growth without leaving visible marks. Radio waves not only affect the process itself, but also its roots, which makes it possible to guarantee the prevention of recurrence.
In addition, the papilloma was removed using excision methods, laser exposure and current pulse therapy. If its growth is not prone to degeneration into a cancerous tumor, external drugs can be used.
It is possible to use strong antiviral drugs only after the etiology of the disease has been identified and the exact type of virus has been determined. The use of creams and ointments in the early stages of the formation of the disease allows you to achieve lasting results on its own.
HPV virus therapy must be comprehensive. Immunomodulators, vitamins and antiviral agents prevent the development of relapse. Timely detection of pathology will prevent serious complications, in the form of degeneration of growth into cancerous tumors.